颗粒在非各向同性均匀湍流中的扩散

本文是颗粒在非各向同性均匀湍流场中扩散的数值研究结果。通过采用一组预置协方差的随机数模拟雷诺应力来表示随机的湍流流场。本文报导了湍流强度、速度松弛时间和雷诺应力对颗粒扩散的影响。     

关于三维Navier－Stokes方程的粘性项计算

借助于张量分析和张量计算，在贴体曲线坐标系下本文讨论了不同求解变量导致了粘性项个数上的重大差异和不同大小的计算量，并提出了便于粘性计算的最佳形式。文中借助于有限体积离散技术，通过引进两个对称辅助矩阵［Ａ］和［Ｂ］，使粘性项的计算量大大减少，这对完成三维粘性流的数值计算具有重要的指导意义。借助于上述方法，本文完成了某型真实进气道两种工况的三维粘性Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程计算（即Ｍ∞＝３．０，α＝０°和设计工况Ｍ∞＝２．６５，α＝０°），获得了满意的全场结果；对于Ｍ∞＝２．６５的设计工况，同实验数据作了比较，符合良好。由于本文的方法明显的减少了粘性项的计算量且节省了大量内存，以致于使三维流场的Ｎ－Ｓ求解能在普通微机上进行。     

转轴位置对俯仰动态特性的影响

研究了转轴位置对机翼、机身和三个组合体上翼面的动态特性的影响，对于机翼和机身，当转轴位置后移时其动态迟滞效应更为强烈。当翼面处于转轴之前，上仰时会出现更为的动态迟滞效应。因此鸭翼达到失速状态较晚。而当翼面处于转轴之后时，如尾翼，将会更早地出现动失速，转轴位置对动态迟滞特性的影响可以认为主要是由于俯仰运动时的动态洗流影响所导致的实际有效迎角的变化。由此影响了动态分离涡及其发展。     

内外函混合加力燃烧室扩压器内液雾湍流两相流场和浓度场数值模拟

 本文用κ-ε湍流模型和液雾轨道模型,对二维内外函混合加力燃烧室扩压器内有蒸发的液雾两相流动和混合进行了数值预报。其中对气相速度场和温度场的计算结果与实验符合令人满意,液雾两相流的计算结果在趋势上也是合理的,表明本文的模拟方法可用于加力燃烧室性能估算及优化设计。     

大迎角三角翼旋涡运动及其破碎特性的数值研究

从流体力学的基本方程出发，利用Ｈａｌｌ的涡核准柱假设，导出反映涡核运动的Ｎ－Ｓ方程。采用差分方法计算旋涡流场，进而分析三角翼上前缘分离涡的运动特点及其破碎机下。从计算结果可以看出，旋涡的轴向速度向下游逐渐下降，且涡心处于降较快，外缘下降较慢，反映了粘性作用自涡心外缘逐渐下降的特点；涡核外缘的径向速度开始为负，说明开始阶段有流体流入涡核，随着旋涡向下游运动，径向速度有所增加，到一定位置后增加迅速，说     

高速风洞支架干扰数值修正研究

提出了一种计算高速风洞支架系统对飞行器模型纵向气动力干扰量的数值计算方法 ,从跨声速全位势积分方程出发 ,编制了适用于飞行器全机模型及其带支架情况下的跨声速绕流计算程序。通过对双垂尾模型和GBM 0 3模型两个算例的计算 ,讨论了尾支撑位置及其几何外形参数对模型气动力的影响 ,并对GBM 0 3模型带短支杆情况下的纵向实验结果进行了修正。表明该方法对于分析研究风洞模型支架干扰问题并进行支架干扰修正是可行的、有效的 ,可以作为选择尾支撑位置及其几何外形参数和对跨声速风洞纵向实验结果进行支架干扰修正的工具。     

亚声速飞机外挂物气动载荷和分离轨迹工程估算方法

本文简要介绍了一种计算亚声速飞机外挂物气动载荷和分离轨迹的工程方法。本方法分别采用源汇模型和涡格模型模拟母机的体积效应和法向力效应,采用迭代方法计及母机-外挂物之间的二阶干扰。在气动中心高速所研制的战术导弹气动特性工程计算方法的基础上,以迎角沿弹身轴线和翼片变化的流动条件代替该方法中的均匀来流条件,而建立了非均匀流场中外挂物气动载荷的计算方法。最后采用四阶的 Adams 数值积分方法求解六自由度运动方程而得到外挂物的分离轨迹。与国内外其它计算方法相比,本方法具有适用范围广、迅速、方便、实用等特点。本方法对一系列算例进行了计算,其结果与风洞实验数据具有令人满意的一致性。     

高超声速滑翔再入定向定速打击末制导算法

以具有终端落角和落速约束的小升阻比短距滑翔高超声速再入打击飞行器为研究对象，通过引入弹道调整段来实现对飞行器的初步大幅度减速，并使其满足中末制导交班条件，以解决飞行器捕获目标后难以直接对其进行定向定速打击的问题。首先设计了一种变角偏差反馈系数的偏置比例制导律，解决了末端攻击段弹道下压困难以及导引头视场稳定跟踪等问题。在此基础上，建立了一种基于攻角和弹道倾角估计的末端减速指令生成方法，有效解决了基于理想速度曲线减速控制方法精度不足的问题。因此，数值仿真结果表明该制导方案能够有效控制飞行器终端落角和落速，并具有较高的制导精度。     

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.     

Numerical analysis of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment for an entry configuration in ionized flow

A theoretical methodology for thermochemical non-equilibrium flow combing with the HLLC (Harten-Lax-van Leer Contact) scheme was applied to study the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of an entry configuration in ionized flow. A two-temperature controlling model was utilized and the Gupta’s 11 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N, NO⁺, N₂⁺, O₂⁺, N⁺, O⁺, e^?) thermochemical non-equilibrium model was taken. Firstly, numerical calculations of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environments for different aerodynamic shapes were carried out to verify the reliability of the method above. Then, the method was used to research the effects of ionization and wall catalysis on the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of the entry configuration in ionized flow. The shock stand-off distance can be reduced by thermochemical reactions but doesn’t continue to decrease significantly when ionization occurs. The shock stand-off distance calculated by the 11 species model is 4.2% smaller than that calculated by the 5 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N) thermochemical non-equilibrium model without considering ionization. Ionization reduces wall heat flux but increases wall pressure a little. The effect of ionization on aerothermal loads is greater than that of aerodynamic loads. The thermochemical reactions of electrons and ions catalyzed at the wall increase wall heat flux significantly but make a small change in wall pressure. The maximum wall heat flux obtained by only considering the electrons and ions catalyzed at the partially catalytic wall condition is 11.8% less than that calculated at the super-catalytic wall condition.